The history of Islam is during about the year 570CE (Christian Era) the child who would be named
Muhammad (saw) and who would become the Prophet of one of the world’s
grand
religions Islam. He was born into a family belonging to a tribe of
Quraish, the ruling tribe of Mecca, a city of Hijaz in Saudi Arabia.
In the history of Islam beginning the site of the Kaabah becomes an
important center of sixth-century do business with such powers as the
Sassanians, Byzantines, and Ethiopians. As a consequence, the city was
dominated by powerful merchant families, among whom the men of Quraish
were preeminent.
Muhammad (saw) father, Abdullah ibn Abdual-Muttalib, died before the
boy was born, his mother, Aminah, died when he was only six years. The
orphan was consigned to the care of mothered Bibi Halima (a.s) and his
grandfather Abdul Muttalib, the chief of the clan of Hashim. After the
death of his grandfather, Muhammad (saw)
was
raised by his uncle, Abu Talib. As was customary, the child Muhammad
(saw) was sent to live for a year or two with a Bedouin family. This
tradition, followed until recently by noble families of Mecca, Medina,
Taif, and other towns of the Hijaz, had important implications for
Muhammad (saw). In addition to stable the hardships of desert life, he
acquired a experience for the rich language so loved by the Arabs,
whose speech was their proudest art, and also learned the patience and
forbearance of the herdsmen, whose life of solitude he first shared, and
then came to understand and appreciate. At the age of nine or ten
Muhammad (saw) called Al-Amin (trustworthy).
On the history of Islam year 590CE, Muhammad (saw), at that time in
his twenty-five years of old, entered the service of a merchant widow
named Khadijah (r.ah) who was forty, as her factor, actively engaged
with trading caravans to the north. For a time later he married her,
and had two sons, neither of whom survived, and four daughters by her.
In his forties years of old, he began to retire to meditate in a
Cave in Mount Hira, just outside Mecca, where the first of the large
events of Islam took place. One day, as he was sating in the Cave, he
heard a voice, later recognized as that of the Angel Jibraeel (aws),
which ordered him to:
“Recite: within the name of Allah (Lord) who created, Created man from a clot of blood.” (Quran 96:1-2)
Three times Muhammad (saw) pleaded his inability to do so, but each
time the command was repeated. Finally, Muhammad (saw) recited the
words of what are now the opening five verses of the 96th chapter of
the Quran - words which proclaim Allah to be the creator of man and the source of all knowledge.
On
the history of Islam first Muhammad divulged his experience
only to his wife and his immediate circle. But, the same as more
revelations enjoined him to proclaim the oneness of God generally, his
following grew, at first along with the poor and the slaves, but later,
also among the most prominent men of Mecca. The revelations he
acknowledged at this time, and those he did later, are all included in
the Quran, the Scripture of Islam.
When he received revolution from Allah through the Angel Jibraeel
(aws), not everyone accepted God’s message transmitted through
him. Even in his own clan, there were those who rejected his teachings,
and many merchants actively opposed the message. The opposition,
however, merely served to sharpen Muhammad’s (saw) sense of mission,
and his understanding of precisely how Islam differed from paganism.
The belief in the Oneness of Allah was supreme in Islam; from this all
else follows.
After Muhammad (saw) had preached publicly for more than a decade, some became
Muslims
and others turned agonist him. Undaunted, he continued to preach as
the messenger of Allah and gradually of his followers increased. He and
the early Muslims under went terrible sufferings, facing stiff
opposition the idolaters. In the twelve years of his prophethood, in
622CE, Muhammad (saw) with his closest friend,
Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq (r.a)
migrated form Macca to Madina. Wherever there were already many new
Muslims. The people of Madina welcomed him as their leader and he
established the first Islamic state there. This was the Hijrah means
migration.
Muhammad (saw) was well acquainted with the situation in Medina.
Earlier, before the Hijrah (migration), different of its inhabitants
came to Mecca to offer the annual pilgrimage, and as the Prophet would
take this opportunity to call visiting pilgrims to Islam, the group who
came from Medina heard his call and accepted Islam. They also invited
Muhammad (saw) to settle in Medina. After the Hijrah, Muhammad’s (saw)
exceptional qualities so impressed the Medinans that the rival tribes
and their allies temporarily closed ranks as, on 624 CE, Muhammad (saw)
and his supporters moved beside the pagans of Mecca.
The first battle, which took position near Badr, now a small town
southwest of Medina. Mohammed (saw) proclaimed his victory was a sign
from
Allah
and his position in Medina was magnified. But had then proved lukewarm
when the fighting started, was barred from Medina one month after the
battle. Those who claimed to be associates of the Muslims, but tacitly
opposed them, were thus served warning: connection in the community
imposed the obligation of total support.
After one year later the Meccans struck back. Assembling armed forces of three thousand men, they met the Muslims
at
Uhud, a ridge outside Medina. Later than an initial success the
Muslims were driven back and the Prophet himself was wounded. Since the
Muslims were not completely defeated, the Meccans, with armed forces
of ten thousand, attacked Medina again two years later but with quite
different results. On the Battle of the Trench, also known as the fight
of the Confederates, the Muslims scored a signal victory by
introducing a new defense. Taking place the side of Medina from which
attack was expected they dug a channel too deep for the Meccan cavalry
to plain without exposing itself to the archers posted behind
earthworks on the Medina side. Later than an inconclusive siege, the
Meccans were forced to retire. After that Medina was entirely in the
hands of the Muslims.
Within ten years Muhammad (saw) had gained so many followers that he
was able to return and conquer Mecca. After this time on he was
generally accepted by the faithful as the true final Prophet of
God. The Prophet (saw) continued to lead his community both morally and in earthly matters until his death in 632.
Mohammed (saw) made his final
Hajj
in 632 and died unexpectedly 3 months later. His friend and father in
law Hazrat Abu Bakr (r.a) succeeded him as leader of the Muslims. He
was the first man the Prophet (saw) gave invite of Islam.
The history of Islam is Prophet (saw) life history.
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